I was given a college assignment which asked to pick a geopolitical topic of our choice and write about it. I chose to write about biodiversity and its losses:
Flick to the environmental section of any magazine or website and chances are you’ll plenty of articles regarding what style of bike to buy, why to shop at a farmer’s market and guides on how to live without power, you know, just in case. Choose to read a newspaper instead and you may more daunting reads, including updates on peak oil and the dreaded global warming. However, there is a subject that doesn’t seem to receive the same hysterical media coverage, and that subject is the biodiversity crisis.
Biodiversity is basically the variety of life forms within a certain area, or ecosystem. For Earth’s ecosystems to remain healthy, they require many varying kinds of plants and animals, from forests to insects.
However, many biologists and environmentalists believe that biodiversity is in serious trouble, claiming we are in the beginning stages of a global mass extinction not experienced since the age of the dinosaurs.
There have been at least five mass extinctions in the history of life on our planet, with the last occurring 65 million years ago, which is known to be the instigator of the end of the Cretaceous period.
In 1998, the American Museum of Natural History carried out a survey with 400 biologists, with almost 70% believing that they were in the beginning stages of a global mass extinction.
You may be asking what ‘s so interesting about this. Clearly it’s not the first time it’s happened, so why are those with scientific experience getting so worked up?
The difference between previous mass extinctions and the current one is us. The last one wasn’t a result of people going around killing dinosaurs with rocks and elaborate Wile E Coyote style traps. Yet many scientists agree that human activity is the root cause of the deterioration in our biodiversity.
The expansion of human settlements, mining, farming and pollution have all been blamed, as well as the seemingly obvious over-exploitation of certain species, such as shark-finning and whaling. There was even a study released in January stating that researchers are killing wild chimpanzees by inadvertently giving them colds.
A 2004 article from the “Nature” journal suggested that by 2050 around a quarter of the world’s plants and animals could die, as a result of global warming. The article was a result of a global collaboration of 19 scientists., each of which fed field data into a computer that simulated the ways that different species are expected to respond to climate changes.
The World Conservation Union has found that animals are becoming extinct at 100 to 1,000 times the usual rate.
My point to all this is: why is this not being reported on the same scale as global warming or peak oil? Does it not matter?
The media have seemed to embrace environmentalism, as seen in this year’s widespread coverage of Earth Hour. I agree that raising awareness of power consumption is worthwhile, but so surely is raising awareness that we’re killing many groups of species that help to keep us alive, through purifying water, carrying out photosynthesis and pollinating crops.
Actually, that last one is interesting. One of the insects largely known for pollinating crops are bees, which have been disappearing from their colonies in recent years. The possible cause is something called Colony Collapse Disorder, which results in a hive empty apart from a few survivors. The others simply leave, with many apparently dying off soon after. CCD, is it’s known, is reportedly occurring in twenty-two U.S states, Poland, Spain, and much of Europe.
The thing is though, bees are a lot more important than we take them for, and I was surprised when I started reading about this. Insects pollinate around one third of the human diet, with bees being responsible for 80% of that third. Some people believe that if bees were to go completely extinct, humans would last no more than 4 years. The theory goes that no bees means no plants, which feed animals, so there’d be no more animals. Animals feed us, so there’d be no more us.
Whether this is exaggerated or not, it is interesting nonetheless. The idea that one species going under could be responsible for the destruction of human live, in four years(!), makes me stop and think.
I think the reason that nothing is being done with this issue (from a political standpoint) could be down to the belief that this is a natural occurrence, that has happened before, therefore nothing can be changed. Therefore, we may as well continue building, forcing animals out of their habitats and leveling foresty and green regions.
The other reason I can come up with is that, compared to other topics like pollution, offshore drilling and how nuclear power is going to kill us all, spending all your time talking about saving frogs, penguins and pretty little blue flowers seems very self-indulgent and almost weak. Yet, even for a swaggering pile of testosterone like myself, it’s a tough topic to take a concrete stance on – would you rather see people die from hunger due to a lack of cropland, or a few birds?
Looking ahead, the human population is expected to grow at its current rate of 6 million people a month. By 2030, that’ll be 132,000 extra people, requiring current world food production levels to rise by 50% in order to feed them. Obivously those people will have to live somewhere, and food will have to come from somewhere, so that probably means spreading out into more habitats, which probably means a further loss of species.
It’s a tricky subject for me to get my head around. The fact that all this around us is the result of 4 billion years of evolution must mean something, and for us to watch as it dies off must be saying something about us, I’m just not sure what.
In the end, though, maybe there’s nothing we can do. Maybe it’s just a part of Earth’s random evolvement, and this time we’re part of it. But surely the relentless building of suburbs isn’t helping.
In the meantime, though, I’m going to try and get out and see a bit more of it, before it all turns into concrete and tower blocks.
last song i heard – “cheerio chaps, cheerio goodbye” – wild beasts
